James Madison and His Presidency Essays - United States, Virginia

James Madison and His Presidency Essays - United States, Virginia James Madison and His Presidency Supriya Panjiyar History US 1301-71008 Professor April Braden 11/30/2017 The founding father of the United States, James Madison crested the first drafts of the US constitution and the Bill of Rights. He served as the fourth president of the United States from 1809 to 1817. Madison was one of those exceptional American politician who thought about the democratic government and the legalization differently. He managed to bring a change in the constitution of America through his skillful ideas and knowledge. Not only he was the brilliant mind behind the ideas of constitution, but he was also a strong supporter of the right of conscience and religious liberty. Apart from the fact that he helped design the constitution, his articles on "The Federalist Paper," is also one of the finest work of political theory in the American history. James Madison Jr. was born in March 16, 1751 in Port Conway, Virginia to father James Madison Sr. and mother Nelly Conway Madison. He was the eldest among his seven brothers and four sisters. His father was a tobacco planter who had grown up in a plantation and later upon reaching adulthood had inherited the plantation and also acquired more property and slaves making him the largest landowner and a leading citizen in the Piedmont. James Madison Jr's mother Nelly Conway Madison was also a daughter of a planter and tobacco merchant. In 1762, Madison was sent to a boarding school in King and Queen county, Virginia and returned after five years to Orange county, Virginia to his father's estate. Due to Madison's health issues his father had him stay home and receive his further education by private tutoring. After two years in 1769 he went to college of New Jersey which is now known as Princeton University. After returning to his home in the Orange county in 1772, he took an interest in the ongoing strained relationship between American colonies and Britain. In 1774, he was appointed as a colonel in the Orange County militia. However, he soon gave up his position in the military for his political career. He stood a representative of Orange county in 1776 at the Virginia Constitution convention to organize a new state government no longer under the British rule where he drafted the state's guarantee of religious freedom. He met Thomas Jefferson around that time who later became his life long friend. In 1777, he lost a seat for Virginia assembly. He supported American- French alliance in the revolution and handled almost all of the council's correspondence with France. He went to Philadelphia in 1780 to serve as one of Virginia's delegates to continental council. In 1783, Madison left congress and returned to the Virginia Assembly where he worked on a religious freedom statute and reworked on revising the document written by Jefferson in 1777. Later on that year he was called back to congress where he helped create a new constitution of US. Madison played a very significant and vital role in creating the US constitution. In 1787, he represented at the constitution convention where he showed his support for a central government. Madison always supported Federalism. He put forward his plans about the constitution through Governor Edmond Radolph. He polished and worked on the principles of constitution which led to giving him the title "Father of The Constitution." Madison after doing a deep research and thinking came to the conclusion that the government had be set up with a system of checks and balances so no branch had greater power over the other. Madison also suggested that governors and judges have enhanced roles in government in order to help manage the state legislatures. After the constitution was written it had to be ratified by nine of the 13 states which was not an easy task because many of the states felt that the constitution gave the federal government too much power. Although many of his ideas were included in the constitution, it faced some oppositions in his own hometown state Virginia and some other colonies. He used to take notes daily of the debates at the constitutional convention. He even collaborated with Alexander Hamilton and John Jay in newspaper publication of the "Federalist Paper". He wrote 29 out of 85 of the federalist paper. It promoted the ratification of the US constitution. Civiced.org mentions that "The writings helped him expand his vision of republican government and his idea that the new constitution would be suitable for the ideals and political realities of the young republic". (James Madison and

Achieving Universal Electricity Access

Achieving Universal Electricity Access PART I: INTRODUCTION Background of Study The importance of modern energy services in promoting socio-economic development has been extensively documented in the literature (Kaygusuz 2011), (Kanagawa and Nakata 2007) (Kanagawa and Nakata 2008). Access to modern energy services is closely related to other indicators of a descent standard of living in the 21 st century, namely, availability of portable drinking water, literacy, health services, child mortality, etc (Meisen and Akin 2008). For example, in rural areas, the higher luminance of modern lighting brightens homes and encourages pupils to study in the nights; clean cookstoves and cookers using liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) can reduce incidences of indoor-air pollution caused by reliance on traditional biomass for cooking (Isihak, Akpan and Adeleye 2012), etc. As the most versatile carrier of energy, electricity is important in the provisions of basic social services in health, water, etc. Electricity is also useful promoting t he income formation in rural areas through the development of rural microenterprises (Akpan, Essien and Isihak 2013a). Electricity also powers large machinery in factories to increase productivity. Modern energy services, especially electricity, are crucial to several sectors of the economy of any country: higher education, agriculture, financial services, communication, rural development, etc. Despite the huge advantages of having access to electricity, several millions of persons around the world lack access to electricity. The International Energy Agency (IEA) estimated that in 2011 about xxx billion persons lacked access to electricity of which xxx million were in sub-Saharan Africa (IEA 2011). Consequently, one of the major energy challenges confronting countries in sub-Sahara Africa is that of providing access to modern energy services to its citizens. The electricity access situation in Nigeria is similar to that of many developing countries: the electricity access rate in Ni geria – the percentage of population without access to electricity – is 56% (NPC 2014) which is equivalent to about xxx million persons. However, the electricity access rates in the various states vary significantly from 10.9% in Taraba State to 99.1% in Lagos State as shown in Fig. 1. Figure 1: Electricity access rate in Nigeria by states Source of data : (NPC 2014) Three main factors which are inter-related are responsible for this disparity in the electricity access rates across the states: The population density across the states varies significantly as shown in Fig. 2. Places with higher population density have higher commercial activities and in-turn higher demand for electricity. Therefore, transmission and distribution lines are often constructed to deliver electricity to such locations because the electricity so delivered will not be under-utilized [1] ; The major sources of electricity generation are natural gas and hydro. The gas-powered plants are locat ed in the Niger Delta area where there is abundance of natural gas while the hydropower plants are in Niger State. Because transmission lines are constructed to evaluate power from the generation source to demand areas, these states and other states along the path of the transmission lines tend to have higher electricity access rates; Due to the first two reasons itemized above, the national grid does not cover all parts of the country. The electricity grid covers the states with high population density but not those with low population density as shown in Fig. 3.

The Picture of Dorian Gray Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

The Picture of Dorian Gray - Essay Example There are so many parallels that can be drawn between Dorian’s character and today’s generation and particularly youths. For instance, just as today’s youth are generally innocent in the initial day of their life, their innocence eventually disappears mostly under the influence of today’s ‘role models’ who ironically worship vices instead of virtues. This is perfectly in line with Dorian’s character and especially the influence of Lord Henry Wotton, who influences Dorian in entering a â€Å"life of sensual indulgence (Wilde, 1908).† In fact, the path that he takes in his life is perfectly in line with today’s youths from similar background. Hailing from a dysfunctional family, where Dorian maternal grandmother conspires to have his father murdered because of his displeasure with the marriage, Dorian like majority of today’s youths from such dysfunctional family had no inspiration in life and hence his subsequent rio tous nature in life. In fact, his story is a common feature in our ghettoes today where kids in care of their maternal parents are increasingly embracing violence and all sort of extreme vices. Put in the context of today’s life, the overall picture of Dorian life and especially that of murder in the most part, makes him a perfect example of a child growing without any emotional support not only in his generation but in any of the subsequent generations. There is no doubt that Dorian would behave exactly the way he behaved if he found himself living in the 21st century. Dorian picture represent that found in the ghettoes. The murder of Basil for instance, which can be blamed in most part on his emotional build-up can be likened to majority of today’s violence and senseless murders that are being perpetuated by youths of his age in poor neighborhood where the family institution is no longer existent. Dorian life of vices instead of virtue seems to be consistent with the desires of the youths of today, a desire that is particularly driven by the pop culture propagated by the entertainment industry. His life of extremes particularly makes the character Dorian appealing to today’s youth if today pop culture is anything to go by. This appeal is also manifested in Hollywood’s effort since the 1900s at integrating Dorian character and lessons in a good number of their films. Even the struggles that Dorian undergoes in asserting his character to his contemporaries are synonymous with today’s youth obsession with bad-boy image, a classic example being rapper Eminem, who has made a career out of bashing his mother. Another example of the elevation of Dorian character can be found in both the film and print version of the movie The League of Extraordinary Gentlemen. Today extreme obsession with sensual beauty and youthfulness, which informs the growing list of beauty products and even cosmetic surgeries, borrows a lot from the book†™s theme on the worship of beauty and youth. There is no doubt that just like Dorian’s obsession with beauty, the modern man and women will spend large amount of resources (time and money) on maintaining the perfect mirrored image of him/herself. This feeling about reality of the 21st century man and woman is consistent with Dorian’

Womens career vs. marriage Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words - 1

Womens career vs. marriage - Research Paper Example It is possible to reduce the social gap between men and women, by creating an environment that makes it possible to pursue their careers. The traditional society had norms and cultures that discriminated against women (Walsh, 41). It defined their roles as house wives, with the capability of doing less paying jobs as cleaners, or even secretaries. This made this group of people to depend on their families, and marriage for social upward mobility. Career development also reduces the level of male domination over women. According to the traditional set up, women and men had different jobs. The responsibility of women was to care for the family, and look after their husbands. The responsibility of men was to feed the family, and provide protection. These roles have not changed, even though women progress in their careers. This is because it is deeply entrenched on the mindset of the two genders, and it would require a lot of time, and efforts to change this particular mindset. It is true, that in certain communities, men are frightened of career women. This is because they threaten their dominion, and authority (Walsh, 51). However it is advantageous for women to work, because they are able to supplement the earnings of their husbands, or the men in their lives. In all cases, financial freedom presents an opportunity to women to gain social freedom. They are able to care for themselves, they are able to resist abuse, and they have the capability of supporting their cause and visions of life. Despite the freedom that comes with financial security, men will still lay a claim over their lives, and try to influence them. However, career development leads to a better livelihood and shelter. It is wrong to assume that because of poor financial abilities of women, majority of them are homeless. This assumption is wrong, because the current global

Human Genome Project Essay -- Genetics Science Biology Essays

Human Genome Project Human curiosity is one of the most powerful engines that drive new knowledge, development, advancements and life improvements today. Some 100,000 or 200,000 years ago Homo sapiens emerged, and up to today humans are still searching for answers such as what we are and where we came from. For all of the diversity of the world's more than five billion people, full of creativity and contradictions, every human mind and body is built and runs with fewer than 100,000 kinds of protein molecules. And for each of the proteins, a single corresponding gene is responsible to ensure an adequate and timely supply. Genes are often described as the biological blueprints or recipes for life and are found in the DNA, carrying the genetic information from one generation to the next. Many people are convinced that genes are special, that they contain a person's essence, which has enormous spiritual and commercial value. In the deepest sense, we are who we are because of our genes, and therefore it is essential to gain knowledge about the manifold mysteries of life, our genes, and our biological inheritance in full ultimate molecular detail. With advances in molecular genetics, it became possible to launch the Human Genome Project (HGP) - a sequencing project that determines the genetic makeup of an organism by reading off the sequence of the three billion DNA bases, which encode all of the information necessary for the life of the organism. Profits, curiosity and dreams of better methods to prevent and treat diseases are driving efforts to find and decode human genes. The sequence of our genome will ultimately allow us to discover the secrets of life's processes, the biochemical basis of our senses and our memory, our dev... ...n genome project in disease prevention. Preventive Medicine. 23:591-594. Koenig, R. 1997. Watson urges "put Hitler behind us'. Science 276:892. Maddox, J. 1995. Directory to the human genome. Nature. 376:459-460. McConkey, E. 1993. The Human Genome Project. In: Human genetics. The molecular revolution. E. McConkey (ed.). England. Jones and Bartlett Publishers Inc. 306-317. Pearson, M. L. and D. Sà ¶ll. 1991. The Human Genome Project: a paradigm for information management in the life sciences. FASEB. 5:35-39. Velà ¡zquez A. and H. Bourges. 1999. Implications of the Human Genome Project for understanding gene-environment interactions. Nutrition Reviews. 57 (5):S39-41. Wade, N. Dr. J. Craig Venter: The genome's combative entrepreneur. Obtained from www 10-16-1999: http://search.nytimes.com/search/daily/bin/fastweb?getdoc+site+site+25726+0+wAAA+Craig%7EVenter

Managing Communications, Knowledge Ans Information

Introduction In this unit my aim is to understand the access sources of finance for a business and the skills financial information for decision making. I will be learning how finance information is recorded and how to use this information to make decision for example in planning and budgeting. Task 1 1. 1 Evaluate the amount of available financing, for instance, venture capitalists and other equity financeers can offer millions of dollars to small business owners. Bank loans and small-business loans often do not offer such large amounts of financing.Debt, equity and grant, debt financing involves obtaining capital by going into debt. An example of debt financing includes loans. Equity financing consists of obtaining capital in exchange for a share of your company. Examples of equity financing include investors or stock 1. 2 A) Tax effects The taxes affect a business in the capital it will be able to spend on expanding the business. The more money they pay in taxes, the less money th ey have to hire more employees and grow the business. Taxes also cut into profits and the company’s stock value.This is the reason why the government can create jobs by easing the tax burden on company workers. When company’s start hiring they have a larger number of people they have paying taxes, and the more people working the lower the tax rate can be, plus the more money going into Social Security. Also lower taxes on the workers inability for them to save and invest in more companies and their personal future. b) 1. 1://www. ehow. com/how_6522588_select-sources-finance-business. html#ixzz2OGLEYw00 http://www. ehow. com/how_6522588_select-sources-finance-business. html#ixzz2OGKQ34PI

Poverty A Single Parent Family - 859 Words

Poverty: The state or condition of having little or no money, goods, or means of support; the condition of being poor. Any family living in poverty may have many obstacles and trials to overcome, but can the issue of poverty be even more detrimental for a single parent family. What kinds of problems occur, what can single parent families do for help and finally can children from single parent families be successful. Over the last 20 years there has been a rise in single parent families living in the United States. These families may have become a single parent family for many different reasons, some people perhaps were never married, some may have lost a spouse due to illness and some may have been divorced, there could be many more reasons which we will never know. More than 80% of these families are headed by single women. Female headed single parent families are more likely to be living in or almost in poverty. Female headed households often fare worse than single fathers because men are often paid more in their occupations and also because some mothers are unable to collect child support, single mothers may also be dealing with other issues such as loneliness, less time for themselves, they may be experiencing lack of sleep and everyday stress. Past research has often shown that children who come from single parent families lead less healthy lives. For example children coming from a single parent family may be more likely to not finish school, they are often moreShow MoreRelatedChildren s Development And Effective Parenting Essay1400 Words   |  6 Pagesdiversity including, poverty, family form, and children with disabilities. Throughout these discussion papers our roles as educators when working with children and their families within each of these areas of diversity are addressed. 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